Farhad Samadian; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi; Alireza Eivakpour
Volume 25, Issue 3 , October 2023, , Pages 281-293
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to compare the relative weight of visceral organs, different carcass cuts, the relative length of different intestinal segments, meat quality, hematocrit, and blood metabolites between Arian and Ross308 broiler strains. Materials and methods: One-day-old mixed-sex ...
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Introduction: This study aimed to compare the relative weight of visceral organs, different carcass cuts, the relative length of different intestinal segments, meat quality, hematocrit, and blood metabolites between Arian and Ross308 broiler strains. Materials and methods: One-day-old mixed-sex broiler chickens from Ross308 and Arian strains were separately allocated to two treatment groups. The initial number of each broiler strain was 48, divided into 12 replicate cages with four chicks each. On days 32 and 42, one bird per replicate was randomly selected (12 broilers from each treatment group), weighed, and killed by cutting the jugular vein with a sharp knife. Then the relative weights of visceral organs and relative length of small intestine segments were determined for both strains. The carcass characteristics and the breast and thigh meat quality (including water-holding capacity, cooking loss, and lipid peroxidation) were assessed only in the birds killed on the 42nd day of age. Some plasma metabolites and hematocrit were also determined after blood collection into heparinized tubes at the end of the rearing period.Results and discussion: The results showed that the total feed intake of Arian broilers was higher than that of Ross 308 (P≤0.05), but no difference was observed in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) between the two strains. The rate of weight gain in the first two weeks was higher in the Arian strain (P≤0.05). However, this trend was reversed during the 5th week of the rearing period. The carcass and valuable cut yields at 42 days of age were higher in Ross308 broilers compared to Arian birds (P≤0.05). On both days of slaughter, the gizzard relative weight was higher in Arian broilers, while the bursa relative weight was lower in this strain compared to Ross308 (P≤0.05). The visceral fat relative weight showed a significant difference between the two strains only at 42 days of age, and it was higher in the Arian broilers (P≤0.05). There was no strain difference in relative weight of the gut and different segments of small intestine at both examined ages. However, the proportion of the jejunum to the total length of the small intestine in the Arian strain was significantly higher than that of the Ross 308 (P≤0.05). Mean plasma uric acid concentrations were significantly lower in Arian compared to Ross 308 (P≤0.05). However, the mean concentration of plasma total triglycerides and hematocrit values were higher in Arian broilers (P≤0.05). The amount of stimulated malondialdehyde in the breast and thigh meat showed higher values in the Arian broilers (P≤0.05), indicating the lower oxidation stability of the chicken meat of the Arian broilers compared to Ross308.Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, Arian was not competitive with Ross 308 as a well-known commercial broiler strain in terms of the examined parameters. However, by gaining a better understanding of the weekly performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters of the Arian strain at different ages and in comparison with the Ross 308, the broiler farmers will be able to adopt the best management and nutritional strategy for raising these native broilers chickens.
Shokufeh Hasanvand; Ali Khatibjoo; Hassan Shizadi; Yahya Mohamadi; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi; Drakhshanda Rahimhi
Volume 25, Issue 3 , October 2023, , Pages 325-341
Abstract
Introduction: Exposure of poultry birds to extreme temperature stressor modulates the immune responsiveness and haemato-biochemical parameters of birds. Cold temperature can increase ascites susceptibility by increasing both metabolic oxygen requirements and pulmonary hypertension. Biochar is an ash ...
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Introduction: Exposure of poultry birds to extreme temperature stressor modulates the immune responsiveness and haemato-biochemical parameters of birds. Cold temperature can increase ascites susceptibility by increasing both metabolic oxygen requirements and pulmonary hypertension. Biochar is an ash substance that is produced from the burning of biological material via pyrolysis. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of wet Litter Biochar on performance of cold-stressed broiler chickens.
Material and Methods: In this experiment, the effect of wet litter biochar (WLB), probiotic and zeolite on performance, blood metabolites and small intestine morphology of broiler chickens reared under cold stress were investigated. In a completely randomized design 350 Ross-308 broiler chickens (one-day-old, mixed sexes) were allocated to seven treatments, five replicates and 10 birds in each replicate. Experimental treatments included: 1) positive control (basal diet in recommended temperature), 2) negative control (basal diet+ cold stress), 3) negative control+ %0.5 WLB, 4) negative control+ %0.75 WLB, 5) negative control+ 1% WLB, 6) negative control+ 0.02% probiotic Ecobacto-P, and 7) negative control+ 1% zeolite. In cold stress groups, house temperature decreased to 17° C from 7 d until end of the experiment (42 d).
Results and Discussion: As compared to group reared in recommended house, cold stress significantly decreased broiler chickens feed intake, body weight gain (BWG), carcass and abdominal fat percentages, serum triglyceride concentration, activity of aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes as well as villous width of jejunum and ileum while increased total and ascitic mortality, ileal and jejunal villous height and crypt depth to villous length ratio (P<0.05). Inclusion of 0.5 and 1% WLB and probiotic increased broiler chickens BWG, ileal and jejunal villous length and surface area, but decreased feed conversion ratio as compared to negative control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Generally, although addition of wet litter biochar and probiotic led to improvement in performance and small intestine morphometry of cold-stressed broiler chickens, but they did not completely catch-up negative effects of cold stress on broiler chickens.
Zahra Mohamadzade; Shaban Rahimi; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi; Alireza Behnamifar
Volume 22, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 583-593
Abstract
Effect of prebiotic and extract of three medicinal plants: Chamomile, Oregano, and Marjoram on the performance, intestinal histomorphology, and blood parameters of laying hens in the late phase of production, by using 60 TETRA-SL brown-egg laying with 80-week-olds, in a completely randomizes ...
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Effect of prebiotic and extract of three medicinal plants: Chamomile, Oregano, and Marjoram on the performance, intestinal histomorphology, and blood parameters of laying hens in the late phase of production, by using 60 TETRA-SL brown-egg laying with 80-week-olds, in a completely randomizes design containing five treatments and four replicates with three birds in each experimental unit for eight weeks were investigated. Prebiotic was added at 0.5 g/kg of diet, and medicinal plant extracts in a ratio of 1:1000 were added to the drinking water of birds. Quantitative indicators at the end of each week and quality indexes at the last week of the experiment were measured. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken from one bird in each experimental unit, and the birds were slaughtered to study the intestinal bacterial population and histomorphology. The effect of experimental treatments on the quantity and quality of produced eggs was not significant (p < 0.05). Blood cholesterol and yolk cholesterol were lower in the chamomile extract-receiving birds than in the other experimental groups (p < 0.05). The population of E. coli and coliforms in the intestine of marjoram extract-receiving birds was lower than other treatments (p < 0.05). Prebiotic treatment increased the villus height in the duodenum and ileum, and the marjoram extract increased the villus height in the ileum (p < 0.05). According to the result, the use of chamomile extract can reduce the yolk cholesterol level, and the use of prebiotic and marjoram extract improves the microbial flora and intestinal histomorphology in laying hens.
Razieh Valipourian; farid shariatmadari; Mihammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
Volume 20, Issue 4 , February 2019, , Pages 565-576
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of garlic and thyme’s medicinal plants essential oils blend as a feed additive following feed restriction on growth performance, relative growth rate and ileal microbial population of broiler chickens. This study was conducted using 336 one-day old ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of garlic and thyme’s medicinal plants essential oils blend as a feed additive following feed restriction on growth performance, relative growth rate and ileal microbial population of broiler chickens. This study was conducted using 336 one-day old chickens (Ross 308) as a factorial experiment (2×3) in a completely randomized design in six treatments with four replications and 14 birds per each replicate . The factors included two levels of feed restriction (without feed restriction and %10 feed restrictions) and three types of growth promoter additives (none-additive, blend of essential oils and antibiotic). The results showed that the body weight in 18 days of age was significantly affected by feed restriction (P <0.05). Feed restriction, feed additive and interaction between them did not affect the performance parameters. The addition of EO resulted in significant reduction in mortality rate (P <0.05). Feed costs for one kg of body weight were not affected by experimental treatments. Under the feed restriction, the population of E. coli and the total aerobic bacteria in ileum significantly reduced at 18 days of age (P <0.05). At 42 days of age, the addition of EO resulted in a significant reduction in E.coli, total aerobic bacteria count and increasing Lactobacillus counts (P <0.05). As a general conclusion, use of EO in feeding chicks faced with feed restriction could significantly increase the compensatory growth and might reduce the mortality and improve the ileal microbial population as well.
Zahra Ranjbar; Mehran Torki; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 847-861
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo injection and dietary feeding of flavonoid (Naringin & Hesperidin) on performance, carcass quality, meat antioxidant stability and hindgut microflora by total 600 fertile eggs were used for amnion injection (17.5th day of embryonic) ...
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The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo injection and dietary feeding of flavonoid (Naringin & Hesperidin) on performance, carcass quality, meat antioxidant stability and hindgut microflora by total 600 fertile eggs were used for amnion injection (17.5th day of embryonic) and hatched chicked divided randomly in four replications with 10 birds for growing period until 42d. Treatments by completely randomize design were 1, 2 and 3) 50, 100, 175 mg/kg flavonoids in diet, respectively, 4 and 5) 15, 30 mg/egg injection of flavonoid respectively and 6) injection of 15 mg/ egg and feeding 50 mg/kg flavonoid and 7) injection of 30 mg/ egg and feeding175 mg/kg and 8) control group. Treatments did not have a significant effect on performance traits compare to control group. Reduction of Malondialdehyde substances in tight and breast meat were observed in treatments (except 4) at 28 and 42 days than in the control group significantly (P<0.05). The results showed an increase in population of aerobic and Lactobacillus and reduction in Coliforms of treatments than the control (P<0.05) group. Therefore, adding 175 mg with or without 30 mg injection (high levels) of flavonoid to diet improved meat quality and dietary with 50 mg with or without 15 mg of flavanoid injection caused improvement in microbial population in hindgut. In overall dietary with or without injection of flavanones have positive effects on health and meat quality of broilers.
Rasoul Vaez Torshizi
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 265-280
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the performance of immune system in Arian, Native, Arian × native crosses, native × Arian crosses and Ross chickens. Through artificial insemination, a total number of 298 birds produced and reared with 100 Ross strain chickens. Thereafter, 15 to 20 percent ...
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The aim of this study was to compare the performance of immune system in Arian, Native, Arian × native crosses, native × Arian crosses and Ross chickens. Through artificial insemination, a total number of 298 birds produced and reared with 100 Ross strain chickens. Thereafter, 15 to 20 percent of chickens were randomly chosen for immune system performance and some of blood parameters comparison. The studied traits were humoral, cell-mediated and innate immunity responses, plasma protein concentrations and relative weight of lymph organs. Data were analyzed using GLM procedure and means were compared using Tukey method. The highest titer of total antibody was in Arian strain and the lowest was in Ross strain. There was no significant difference between sexes and strains for cell-mediated immunity. Responses in crossbred chickens for humoral and cell-mediated immunity were not significantly different from Ross strain. No significant difference was observed for hematocrit percent between crossbred chickens and commercial strains. In crossbred chickens, the percentage of plasma albumin was significantly higher than the other strains (P<0.05). While, the lysozyme activity of crossbred chickens was significantly lower than Arian strain (p<0.05), it did not indicate any difference with Ross strain. The relative weight of all organs in crossbred chickens was lower than native and higher than commercial chickens. The results of current study indicated that the performance of immune system in crossbred chickens was favorable and in some cases better than the other strains. Therefore, it is possible to create resistance birds with suitable growth performance from crosses of native and commercial strains.
Asghar Sedaghat; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi; Shaban Rahimi
Volume 18, Issue 2 , June 2016, , Pages 273-286
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of camphor levels on performance, organ weight, testosterone and thyroid hormones, intestinal selective bacteria, and meat peroxidation of Japanese quail. Two-hundred 1-d chicks were allocated in 20 cages with five treatments and four replicates (10 chicks ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of camphor levels on performance, organ weight, testosterone and thyroid hormones, intestinal selective bacteria, and meat peroxidation of Japanese quail. Two-hundred 1-d chicks were allocated in 20 cages with five treatments and four replicates (10 chicks per each cage) using complete randomized block design. Treatments were including: 0, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 ppm camphor which dissolved in soybean oil. Blood sample was taken then quails were slaughtered at 42-d of age. Results revealed camphor unaffected the carcass and organs weight. Also feed conversion ratio, feed intake, live body weight, and thyroid hormones unaffected by using camphor supplementation in the diet. Results showed that camphor could enhance libido by increasing the production and secretion of testosterone (P< 0.05). Dietary camphor had a significant effect on the intestinal microbial population, so that could reduce the aerobic bacteria and coliforms, whereas increased the lactic acid bacteria and spore former bacteria (P< 0.05). Meat malondialdehyde level has been also changed significantly in both sexes by camphor dietary supplementation, which increased by using 62.5, 125, and 250 ppm camphor (P< 0.05). According to the current results, using camphor is recommendable for successfully reproduction in male birds.
Farhad Mohammadi; Farzad Bagherzadeh Kasmani; Kamal Shojaian; Mehran Mehri; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 301-309
Abstract
Effect of adding Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) in diet on performance and immune response of broilers was examined during aflatoxicosis using a total of 192 day-old Ross 308 male chicks in a completely randomized design with four treatments, four replicates and 12 chicks per each replicate. Treatments were ...
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Effect of adding Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) in diet on performance and immune response of broilers was examined during aflatoxicosis using a total of 192 day-old Ross 308 male chicks in a completely randomized design with four treatments, four replicates and 12 chicks per each replicate. Treatments were include: 1. negative control (without additives), 2. positive control (2.5 mg aflatoxin B1/kg), 3. diet containing Hibiscus sabdariffa(10 g HS/kg) and 4. diet contaminated with aflatoxin and containing Hibiscus sabdariffa (2.5 mg AFB1/kg + 10 g HS/kg). Effect of treatments on feed intake was not significant. Weight gain of chicks in positive control treatment was lower than those birds in other treatments (P<0.001). These birds had higher feed conversion ratio (P<0.001). Antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus and sheep red blood cell in birds fed positive control and containing Hibiscus sabdariffa diets were lower and higher than those birds in negative control group, respectively (P<0.001). The least skin thickness after challenging with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was observed in birds fed positive control diet (P<0.001). Relative weight of bursa of Fabricius in chicks fed positive control and Hibiscus sabdariffa diets was lower and higher than that of negative control group, respectively (P<0.001). Based on results of this experiment, supplementation of Hibiscus sabdariffa to aflatoxin contaminated diets could ameliorate the effects of toxin on growth performance and immunity response of broilers.
Majid Aftabi; Farzad Bagherzadeh Kasmani; Ghasem Jalilvan; Mehran Mehri; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
Volume 17, Issue 1 , April 2015, , Pages 131-140
Abstract
Effect of Protexin to diminish negative consequences of feeding aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminated diet on performance, immune response, meat quality and ileal microbial flora were examined using 320 seven-day-old Japanese quails fed four treatments [control diet (without additives), diet containing 2.5 ...
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Effect of Protexin to diminish negative consequences of feeding aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminated diet on performance, immune response, meat quality and ileal microbial flora were examined using 320 seven-day-old Japanese quails fed four treatments [control diet (without additives), diet containing 2.5 mg AFB1/kg, diet containing 150 mg Protexin/kg, diet containing 2.5 mg AFB1/kg+150 mg Protexin/kg] with four replicates and 20 birds each in a completely randomized design. Feed intake of birds fed probiotic diet was higher than those birds in control group (P<0.05). Weight gain in birds fed aflatoxin contaminated diet was lower than birds in other treatments (P<0.05). Humoral immunity response in quails related to aflatoxin and probiotic groups was lower and higher than control group, respectively (P<0.05). Skin thickness increase after 48h challenging with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in birds fed aflatoxin contaminated diet was lower than the other groups (P<0.05). Concentration of malondialdehyde (after freezing meat for 30 days) in the meat of aflatoxin fed birds was higher than the other birds (P<0.05). Population of E. coli and lactic acid bacteria in birds fed protexin or aflatoxin+protexin was lower and higher than the two other groups, respectively (P<0.05). Based on the result of this research, dietary inclusion of protexin probiotics into aflatoxin contaminated diet could improve immunity response and intestinal microbial population in Japanese quails.
Hassan Shirzadi; Farid Fhariatmadari; Mohammad Amir Karimi-Torshizi; Shaban Rahimi; Ali Akbar Masoudi
Volume 17, Issue 1 , April 2015, , Pages 151-160
Abstract
A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of R. coriaria L. and P. farcta extracts as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers diet. A total of 300 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments (five pen replicates, 15 birds per pen) for the ...
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A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of R. coriaria L. and P. farcta extracts as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers diet. A total of 300 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments (five pen replicates, 15 birds per pen) for the 0- to 28-d period, and all data were analyzed in a randomized complete design. Dietary treatments included a basal diet (as control diet, without additive) and three similar diets that were supplemented with 200 mg/kg R. coriaria L. extract, P. farcta extract, and oxytetracycline 20 percent, respectively. The results showed that average daily gain was significantly increased (P<0.05) by supplementing diets with all feed additives in 7-14 d period and entire (0-28 d). Broilers fed the diets supplemented with each of extracts had a low serum cholesterol levels as compared to control diet (P<0.05). Moreover, the antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus was significantly increased by supplemented diets (P<0.05). However, adding feed additive to diets had no significant effect on antibody titer against SRBC, skin thickness due to DNCB challenge and toe-web thickness in response to injection of phytohemagglutinin-P. In addition, supplementing diet with P. farcta caused to a significant increase in relative bursa of fabricius weight in contrast with control diet. Based on current results, it can be concluded that R. coriaria and P. farcta extracts can be used as alternatives to oxytetracycline as a growth promoter in broilers diet.
Mehdi Abediny Sanigy; farid shariatmadari; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 19-27
Abstract
400 one day-old broiler chicks were allocated on a randomized complete design experiment with five treatments consisting of four replications for 42 days. Experiment treatments were included: 1 . based diet consist 20 percent barley (barley control), 2 . barley control + 0.1 percent of mixed essential ...
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400 one day-old broiler chicks were allocated on a randomized complete design experiment with five treatments consisting of four replications for 42 days. Experiment treatments were included: 1 . based diet consist 20 percent barley (barley control), 2 . barley control + 0.1 percent of mixed essential oil (Antibiofin), 3 . barley control + 0.2 percent organic acid, 4 . barley control + 15 ppm of antibiotic (virginiamycin) and 5 . corn-soybean based diet as corn control. In addition, Basal diet supplemented with commercial enzyme preparation. There was significant difference within treatments for 42 age's body weight and FCR. No significant differences in FI were noted among treatment during experiment. Antibody titer against (SRBC) among groups in secondly immuno response had a significant effect (P< 0.05). The villus height of deudenum and Jejunum was significant differences among the treatment groups. It can be concluded that by using additives such as medicinal plant and organic acids in diets containing barley, can be achieved to similar performance of corn based diets.
Fathollah Naghizadeh; Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi; shaban rahimi
Volume 13, Issue 1 , September 2011, , Pages 49-58
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effect of various commercial in-feed disinfectants on layer performance, intestinal microflora, and egg cholesterol. One hundred and eight layer hens (LSL, 24 Wks of age) were divided into six groups consisting: Control, Formaycin-200 ppm, Formalin-200 ppm, and ...
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This study was conducted to compare the effect of various commercial in-feed disinfectants on layer performance, intestinal microflora, and egg cholesterol. One hundred and eight layer hens (LSL, 24 Wks of age) were divided into six groups consisting: Control, Formaycin-200 ppm, Formalin-200 ppm, and Nanosilver in feed-15 ppm or drinking water-7.5 ppm. There were no differences between experimental groups for egg production and egg weight. Formycin fed birds produce the highest egg mass (P< 0.05). In comparison of the two methods of Nanosilver administration, no significant differences were observed for egg production, egg weight and egg mass. Lactic acid bacteria counts in caecal contents were significantly increased in comparison to control and Formycin fed groups (P< 0.01). Gram negative counts in ileum contents were reduced by all additives, in comparison to control (P< 0.01). Cholesterol content of egg was increased in response to Formycin and Nanosilver (in drinking water) (P< 0.01). In conclusion, in-feed supplementation of Formalin and Nanosilver in laying hens’ feed resulted in efficient control of intestinal microbial counts and simultaneously improved the egg yield.